Nature Wins Immune-C (90 Count)

Ingredient #1: Vitamin C

BOOSTS IMMUNITY

Vitamin C and Immune Function

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/11/1211

• Vitamin C deficiency results in impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to Infections.
• Supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to both prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections. Prophylactic prevention of infection requires dietary vitamin C intakes that provide at least adequate, if not saturating plasma levels (i.e., 100–200 mg/day), which optimize cell and tissue levels. In contrast,treatment of established infections requires significantly higher (gram) doses of the vitamin to compensate for the increased inflammatory response and metabolic demand.

Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia

https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005532.pub3/full

• Three trials which recorded 37 cases of community‐acquired pneumonia in 2335 people.
• Two trials examined military recruits and the third studied boys from lower wage‐earning classes; attending a boarding school in the UK during World War II. Each of these three trials found a statistically significant (80% or greater) reduction in pneumonia incidence in the vitamin C group.
• The other therapeutic trial studied adults with a wide age range in the former Soviet Union and found a dose‐dependent reduction in the duration of pneumonia with two vitamin C doses.

Ingredient #2: Citrus Bioflavonoids

Citrus Support for the Blood Glucose-Immune System Connection

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30021118/

• Clinical research has shown that citrus flavonoids act as powerful antioxidants and also help reduce systemic inflammatory processes. Elevated blood glucose levels, oxidative stress, and inflammation further aggravate each other in an ongoing cycle. Focusing on all three issues at the same time will provide better overall support.
• A combination of eriocitrin, hesperidin, and naringenin works to each bioflavonoid’s strengths to deliver optimal results. This is done by helping to improve insulin sensitivity, reducing inflammatory cytokine production, and increasing antioxidant capacity, all of which works together to increase glucose tolerance. With improved glucose tolerance, many individuals may be able to more effectively lower their fasting blood glucose levels to a normal range
• As citrus flavonoids help to normalize blood sugar levels, the immune system will see similar improvements to its ability to protect the body. Additionally, with citrus flavonoids providing support to the inflammatory response and antioxidant capacity, the immune system is further strengthened as well.

Update on uses and properties of citrus flavonoids: new findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf8006568

• Many of the pharmacological properties of Citrus flavonoids can be linked to the abilities of these compounds to inhibit enzymes involved in cell activation. Attempts to control cancer involve a variety of means, including the use of suppressing, blocking, and transforming agents.
• Suppressing agents prevent the formation of new cancers from procarcinogens, and blocking agents prevent carcinogenic compounds from reaching critical initiation sites, while transformation agents act to facilitate the metabolism of carcinogenic components into less toxic materials or prevent their biological actions.
• Flavonoids can act as all three types of agents. Many epidemiological studies have shown that regular flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. In coronary heart disease, the protective effects of flavonoids include mainly antithrombotic, anti-ischemic, anti-oxidant, and vasorelaxant. It is suggested that flavonoids decrease the risk of coronary heart disease by three major actions: improving coronary vasodilatation, decreasing the ability of platelets in the blood to clot, and preventing low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) from oxidizing.
• The anti-inflammatory properties of the Citrus flavonoids have also been studied. Several key studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus flavonoids are due to its inhibition of the synthesis and biological activities of different pro-inflammatory mediators, mainly the arachidonic acid derivatives, prostaglandins E 2, F 2, and thromboxane A 2. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus flavonoids can play a key role in their activity against several degenerative diseases and particularly brain diseases.

Ingredient #3: Rutin

Protective effect of rutin on humoral and cell mediated immunity in rat model

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0009279716304628

• Effect of rutin of cellular immunity was determined by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, carbon clearance assay, leucocyte mobilization test, and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression, whereas humoral immunity was analyzed by the haemagglutinating antibody (HA) titre assay.
• Rutin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) evoked a significant increase in antibody titre in the haemagglutination test, increased immunoglobulin levels, and enhanced the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells.
• It also significantly restored the functioning of leucocytes in cyclophosphamide treated rats and augmented phagocytic index in the carbon clearance assay.
• The outcomes from the present study indicate that rutin possesses sufficient potential for increasing immune activity by cellular and humoral mediated mechanisms. Rutin ameliorates inflammation and improves metabolic function: A comprehensive analysis of scientific literature

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043661822001086

• Evidence reporting on the impact of rutin against metabolic diseases by affecting inflammation.
• In fact, available preclinical evidence suggests that rutin, through its strong antioxidant properties, can effectively ameliorate inflammation by reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase-2, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as blocking nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation to improve metabolic function.
• Notably, although clinical data on the impact of rutin on inflammation is limited, food-derived sources rich in this flavonol such as Fagopyrum tataricum, Coffea arabica and Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) have shown promise in improving metabolic function, in part by reducing markers of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Rutin protects against cyclophosphamide induced immunological stress by inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB-mediated inflammation and activating the Nrf2- mediated antioxidant responses

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142522000951

• The results shown that rutin could significantly improve the damage of spleen and thymus caused by CTX, and very significantly reduce the increasing content of Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha and Interleukin 6. It also could significantly decrease the relative expression level of Toll-Like Receptor 4, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Factor 6, and p65 genes and proteins, and significantly increase the expression of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B gene, phosphorylated p65 and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B proteins. Moreover, rutin could significantly reduce the Malondialdehyde content and enhance the Superoxide dismutases activity and increase the expression levels of Nuclear factor erythroid 2, Heme Oxygenase-1 genes and proteins in the liver.
• Rutin can regulate the secretion of cytokines and protect immune organs by regulation the expression level of the related genes and proteins in the Toll-Like Receptor 4-Myeloid differentiation primary response 88-Nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway, and it can also play an antioxidative stress role by activation of the Nuclear factor erythroid 2/Heme Oxygenase-1 signaling pathway.

Ingredient #4: Rose Hips Powder

Rosa canina L. Fruit Hydro-Alcoholic Extract Effects on Some Immunological and Biochemical Parameters in Rats

https://bi.tbzmed.ac.ir/Article/bi-20170121182939

• In this experiment, 45 male Wistar rats were obtained and divided into three groups. These groups received normal saline (10 mg/kg), Rosa Canina fruit extract (250 mg/kg) and Rosa Canina fruit extract (500 mg/kg) as oral gavages every day for a period of four weeks, respectively.
• The malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the serum were determined only in day 28 of study. The radical scavenger activity (RSA) of the Rosa Canina extract was measured spectrophotometrically.
• Rosa Canina extract significantly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and also decreased GSH levels in comparing to control group in day 28.

The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26604725/

• A total of 34 healthy subjects, aged 35-65 years, with wrinkles on the face (crow's-feet) were subjected to a randomized and double-blinded clinical study of the effects of the rose hip powder, as compared to astaxanthin, a well-known remedy against wrinkles. During the 8-week study, half of the participants ingested the standardized rose hip product, while the other half ingested astaxanthin.
• In the double-blinded study, the rose hip group showed statistically significant improvements in crows-feet wrinkles, skin moisture, and elasticity after 8 weeks of treatment. Likewise, both groups expressed equal satisfaction with the results obtained in their self-assessment. The rose hip powder further resulted in increased cell longevity of erythrocyte cells during storage for 5 weeks in a blood bank.
• The apparent stabilizing effects of the rose hip product on cell membranes of stored erythrocyte cells observed in this study may contribute to improve the cell longevity and obstructing skin aging.

Ingredient #5: Acai Berry Extract

Polysaccharides Isolated from Açaí Fruit Induce Innate Immune Responses

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0017301

• We characterized Gamma-delta cell responses to both polyphenol and polysaccharide fractions from several plant-derived nutritional supplements. Similar polyphenol and polysaccharide fractions are found in Acai fruit.
• The Acai polysaccharide fraction induced robust Gamma-delta cell stimulatory activity in human, mouse, and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures
• The largest Acai polysaccharides were the most active in vitro as indicated by activation of myeloid and Gamma-delta cells. When delivered in vivo (in the body), Acai polysaccharide induced myeloid cell recruitment and Interleukin 12 (IL-12)production.
• Acai-derived polysaccharides also stimulated monocytes/macrophages, which was not due to endotoxin contamination, since the Acai fractions were found to contain very low Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) activity and were similarly active after polymyxin B treatment to remove residual endotoxin. Moreover, neutrophil (white blood cells) recruitment to the respective tissue was observed. Furthermore, delivery of Acai polysaccharides to the lung activated alveolar macrophages and induced Interleukin 12 (IL-12) production.
• These results define innate immune responses induced by the polysaccharide component of Acai and have implications for the treatment of asthma and infectious disease.

Pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and antioxidant effects after the consumption of anthocyanin-rich acai juice and pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in human healthy volunteers

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf8007037

• Healthy volunteers (12) were dosed at 7 mL/kg of body weight after a washout phase and overnight fast, and plasma were repeatedly sampled over 12 h and urine over 24 h after consumption.
• Plasma antioxidant capacity was significantly increased by the acai pulp and applesauce. Individual increases in plasma antioxidant capacity of up to 2.3- and 3-fold for acai juice and pulp, respectively were observed.

Ingredient #6: Yellow Pepper Fruit Extract

Effects of yellow and red bell pepper (paprika) extracts on pathogenic microorganisms, cancerous cells and inhibition of surviving.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13197-020-04663-4

• The present work examined the biomedical value of red and yellow bell pepper extracts (YME and RME) in terms of antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities by in vitro and virtual studies. The yield of extract was 3.49% for red bell pepper extract. and 2.92% for yellow bell pepper extract.
• The extracts showed an excellent antibacterial activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of red bell pepper extract was 0.20 mg mL−1 for Bacillus cereus, 0.30 mg mL−1 for Escherichia coli, 0.50 mg mL−1 for Staphylococcus aureus and 0.60 mg mL−1 and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of yellow bell pepper extract was 0.40 mg mL−1 for B. cereus, 0.40 mg mL−1 for E. coli, 0.50 mg mL−1 for S. aureus, and 0.60 mg mL−1 for P. aeruginosa.
• Transmission electron microscope results demonstrated the cellular damage induced by red bell pepper extract in B. cereus biofilm. The red bell pepper extract at 125 μg mL−1 did a strong cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cell line…
• The virtual biological examination indicated that β-carotene from red bell pepper extract was a potential compound with higher docking energy against both targeted enzymes and proteins.

Ingredient #7: Spleen Powder

- Bovine is cow spleen

Effects of Bovine Immunoglobulins on Immune Function, Allergy, and Infection

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2018.00052/full

• Many studies in infants and adults have shown that bovine (Bovine IgG) IgG can prevent gastrointestinal tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections, and LPS-induced inflammation.
• Bovine IgG binds to many human pathogens and allergens, can neutralize experimental infection of human cells and limits gastrointestinal inflammation. Furthermore, bovine IgG binds to human Fc receptors which, enhances phagocytosis, killing of bacteria and antigen presentation and bovine IgG supports gastrointestinal barrier function in in vitro models.